Carbureter



B.'N. MERCE.

CARBURETER. APPLIVCAUON F:1.5D,FEB.18. i915.

Patented Jan. 25,1921.

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B.- N. PIERCE.

CARBUHETER. APPLICAUON FILED FEB. la. |915.

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B.'N. PIERCE.

CARBURETEH. AP'PucATloNHLE-n rss. la. 1915-. 1,366,831 Patented Jan. 25, 1921.

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UNITED srairs naar NEULoN PIERCE, or rLrNr, MICHIGAN.

CARBURETER.

Specification of Letters Patent. v1?",91139116311,d J 3,11. 25, 1921,

Application filed February 1S, 1.915. Serial No. 9,029.

To all whom t may concer/n,.- 4

Be it known that I, BURT NEULoN PIERCE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Flint, in the county of Genesee and State of Michigan, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Carbureters; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in. the art to which it appertains to make and use the same."

The invention relates to improvements in carbureters, and more particularly to that type of carbureter especially designed for use in connection with internal combustion engines.

The primary object of the invention is to impro ve the construction of carbureters, and the invention is particularly an improvement on the carbureter constructions shown and described in my former applications for Letters Patent of the United States, No. 917,125, April 6, 1909; Nol 973,877, October 25, 1910; No. 982,297, January 24,'1911; No. 1,005,300, October 10, 1911; and Canadian Letters Patent, 4No.'-145,'779, February Il, 1913.

Another object of the invention ispto pro'- vide means for regulating the operation of carbureters by controlling the exit therefrom of the gas passing to the engine.

A further object of the invention is to provide the controlling means, aforesaid, with a comparatively wide range ofadjustment whereby the carbureter may be regulated to a great nicety and exactness so that. an engine can be started or stopped very slowly, gradually and noiselessly.

A still'further object of the invention is to provi'de such carbureter controlling means lwhich admits of a` slight, quick, initial starting charge to the engine, and a more gradual feeding and shutting ofi"` of the charge to'be supplied to the engine under operating conditions other than that of stai-ting.

A more remote object of the. invention is to provide such carbureter controlling means wherein usual clattering of the control valve, common in the ordinary type of carbureter, is eliminated, the said control valve being so mounted that all unnecessary leakage therearound is practically obviated, while, however, the same is capable of adjustment to permit the passage of suflicient mixture to constitute a priming charge, which, with the gas admitted through the valve on its initial opening, forms an eiiicient charge for the slow starting of the engine, as may be, or is, desired.

With these and other objects in view, the invention resides in the certain Vnew and novel constructions and arrangement of parts to be hereinafter more fully described,

set forth in the appended-claims, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings; in which Figure 1 is a front elevation of the carshown in Fig. 3,

Fig. 5 is a top plan View, Fig. lt3 is a bottom plan view,

Fig. 7 is a vertical longitudinal section on the line 7--7 of Fig. 5, l K

'F ig. 8 is a horizontal section on the line 8MS of Fig. 1,

Fig. 9is a horizontal section on the line 9--9 of Fig. 1,

Fig. 10 is a detail plan view of the valve controlling means showing the method of mounting the governor arms on the' valve Shaft,

Fig. 11 is a detail view of one of the governor arms,

Fig. 12 is a vertical transverse section on the line 13--13 of Fig. 1,

Fig. 18 is a detail elevation showing the spring for controlling the air valve.

Sii

Reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which like characters of reference designate corresponding parts on the several views thereof, the carbureter comprises a casing-15@- formed with a central vertically disposed bore to provide a mixing chamber 16- which terminates at its upper end'with a reducedv bore to provide downwardly, to atmosphere. A suitable plug 2S- is threaded into an opening I formed in the jacket -18, at a point diametrically opposite the connection -20`-, to permit access to the pocket l9 for the purpose of clearing the same of such lforeign matter as may collect therein. A pair of threaded openings -24, disposed at oppolprovided for `pontrolling the outlet '17- a-nd the connection 20, respectively, the' same being interconnected by means of a rod -27- to an operating lever -28, and are soarranged that, when the valve --25- is fully opened, the valve -26- is tightly closed to yprevent the lheating medium from passing through or into the pocket #19, or, in other words, the amount or volume of the heating medium admitted to the pocket -19 varies inversely with the volume of the gas it is desired to pass through the outlet. The valve -25, of the outlet -17, isl mounted on a shaft w29- which has its opposite ends projecting through the casing 15- to support, at one end, a stop -30 adapted to contact a lug 31- when the valve -25 is in full open position, while the other and-carries the lever -28-, aforesaid, which is formed to provide'the oppositely disposed stops 3Q- and 33- adapted to contact a lug -34-, formed on the casing 15-, as is also, the lug 314, aforementioned, when the valve w25-- is in either its full open or closed position.

Diametrically opposite the lower portion of the casing -l5-, and offset therefrom, are formed a float chamber -35- and an air inlet -36-, the former having an open top adapted to receive a cover -37- secured thereon by means of the several screws -38-, and is shaped, at its outer end, to provide a restricted portion -39-- in the bottom of which is'threaded a gasolene, or

formed at its inner end to provide a needle valve seat -41-. Formed in the opposite walls of the restricted portion -39-, im-

mediately adjacent its juncture with the float chamber -35, are the bearings 42- in which is supported or threaded a pintle 4S-- upon which is carried a lever-A4- upon one end of which is secured a float 45- and upon the other of its ends is secured a depending needle 46- adapted to -haveitslower end moved into and out of en gagement withthe valve seat -41- of the inlet connection -40- when the float -45- is raised or lowered by a corresponding rise or fall of the liquid fuel in the' float chainber. Should the float -4:5, for'any ordinary reason, become sluggish in itsoperadisk valve 52* formed with a slight cutaway portion -53- to permit the passage of a small quantity of air to the mixing chamber -l6 when the valve is in its closed position,`and is carried by ,a shaft 54- having one of its ends projected through the wall of the inlet to support an actuating lever -55A-. A coiled spring 56* is interposed between the lever -55- and the wall ofthe inlet and arranged in a manner suitable for maintaining the valve in normally open position, which is determined by a stop -57-, formed ,with the casing --15-, being engaged by the said actuating lever.

F or the purpose of introducing the liquid fuel into that part of the centrally disposed bore of the casing -l5-, hereinbefore designated as the mixing chamber -16-, a removable head -58- is adapted to be inserted into the bore, to the rear of the aforesaid mixing chamber --16- and is clamped in proper position by means 'of the screws *59h threaded into openings formed in the shoulders 60vw of the casing. A threaded opening -61- is provided in the bottom wall of the float chamber -35- to receive the threaded end of a strainer plug -62-, after the latter has been passed through an opening formed 'in a depending portion -63- of the head -58, the strainer plug 62-, when in engagement with the threaded opening -61-, acts as a further securing means for clamping the head 5S- in position with respect to the casing. The plug -62- is provided with a longitudinal passage 6ftextending for a portion of the length thereof, land a transverse passage 65 in communica-tion with the passage 64- and having its opposite ends openingr through the bottom wall of a circular groove h66- formed on the circumference of the plug -62, the open end of the passage -64- being covered with a strainer 67- of fine mesh wire screen, or other suitable straining material. rllhe head -58- is provided with a centrally disposed passage -68- which establishes communication between the circular groove 6G- of the plug 62, the main or low speed injector nozzle 469-, and the auxiliary or high speed nozzle -,70-,` the said main injector nozzle -69- being arranged to discharge the main supply of liquid fuel to one side 'of the mixing chamber -16, while the auxiliary injector nozzle -70- is arranged to discharge a suitable amount of the liquid fuel to .the

other side of the mixing chamber -16-, as and for the purpose' to be hereinafter set forth. Projecting from the inner face of.

a circular space -75--, surrounding theV main injector nozzle --69-, to the mixing chamber.

Intermediate the ends of the main injector nozzle -69- is formed a valve seat 7G- adapted to receive the adjacent end of a needle stem -77- which is adjustably threaded in a nipple -78- projecting outwardly from' the outer face of the head -58-. The nipple -78- is exteriorly threaded to receive a cap-.nut -79-, surrounding the needle stem -77--, adapted to retain and compress a packing ring -80- tightly around the needle stem -77- to prevent possible leakage of the liquid fuel therefrom.

The head -58- is provided with a second offset ortion -81- which is provided with anen arged bore -82- to receive the adjacent end of the discharge tubev22, aforementioned, a closure -83-, pivoted at 984.-, being provided to regulate the exit of the heating medium through the bore 82- to atmosphere. A small opening 85, however, may be foHned in the cover or closure -88`-, to prevent the absolute closing of the bore against the passage of the heating medium therethrough.

To initially heat the liquid fuel passed through the injector .nozzles *69* and 7G- a' duct -86- connects 4the bore -82- with a circular passage or pocket `-87- formed in the semi-cylindrical body -7lwhich surrounds the main injector nozzle ,-69-,and, the heating medium, after passing through the pocket -87, is discharged 'therefrom through lthe opening -88-- formed in the outer wall of the head.

Extending diametrically across the mixing chamber --16-l is a valve-shaft 89, supported at its opposite ends in suitable bearings -90- and -91, and provided intermediate its ends with a slot -92- in which is supported an air proportioning desired adjusted position therein, with respect to the curved cut-away portion -72-, ofthe semi-cylindrical body 7l, of the head F58-, by means of the screws 49417-, the said hap-valve -93- being adapted for proportionmg the amount of air to be admixed with the liquid fuel within the mixing chamber.

@ne end ofthe valve-shaft -89- is projected beyond the bearing -91- to support an arm to provide two sections 95- and m96- of a valve controlling mechanism, the abutting faces of the two sections --95- and -96- being provided each with a series 0f serrations -97-, by means of which, the two sections may be adjusted in any desired angular relation with respect to one another, and are clamped, in such adjusted relation, by means of a nut -98- threaded on the projecting end of the valve-shaft. The arm section -95- is provided with-a reduced extension 99 upon which is to be supported for sliding adjustment a weight -100, retained in its desired adjusted position, by means of a'securing element 101- fitted vinto a bore'formed intermediate the 'ends of the top face of the weight 1GO- and having an opening formed therethrough adapted to aline with the transverse opening, in the weight, which receives the extension -99--, of the arm section Q5- The securing element 10l is provided with a reduced threaded shank, not shown, upon which is placed a washer -103- and is threaded a nut -104.-.

It is to be noted that the weight -100- is preferably positioned, on ythe extension 99-, so that its resistance to the opening of the iiap-valve -93- is least at the initial movement of the latter and gradually increases until full open position of the same is attained, since the center of gravity ofthe weight 100- is substantially in a vertical plane passing through the center of axis -89- and it is obvious that it requires less effort to move a pendulum through a given arc when the weight is directly under the point of support than at any other position and the farther the weight is swungv is in its normal or inoperative position. The

space, thus provided between the piston vand spring, admits of an initial and substantially unrestricted movement of the former which corresponds to the initial openingofv the flap-valve -93, as'has been hereinbefore described.

A stop rod -120- is projected from the inner wall of the casing and into the mixing chamber -16- for the purpose of limiting 130 the same has reached its full open position,

' which, it will be observed, is in the plane of the longitudinal axis of the bore, of the casing, in advance of the semi-cylindrical body -Tl, of theremovable head -58--, and disposed centrally between the main injector nozzle -69- and the auxiliary inj ector nozzle 7G- The condition of, the carbureter, When at rest, or When inoperative, is as follows Considering the carbui'eter as being properly connected for operation, as usual, the

throttle valve -25-, the air valve -52-, and the flap-valve Q3- being in their normally closed positions, and the iioat charnber S5- filled with its supply of liquid fuel, a required quantity of the. latter being free to pass to the auxiliary injector nozzle -70- which projects into the air inlet side of themixing chamber -l6- and behind the flap-valve -93-, Where it mixes with the incoming air upon the opening of the inlet valve 52, While a major portion of the same is led to the lou'v speed injector nozzle 69 and mixes with an air supply coming from the air inlet 36 through the passage 75 surroundingtlie nozzle 69 for the purpose. The flat valve 93 is adjustably mounted Within -the slot 92 of the valve shaft 89, as clearly shown. 4

When it is desired to start the engine, the same is cranked for the purpose, and after the throttle valve -25- has been moved to open position, the primary charge is drawn fromthe main or lovv speed injector nozzle -69-- and the air passage 75, (the needlevalve -77- having been adjusted to establish communication between the float chamber and the main nozzle) by reason of the suction set up by the moving pistons in the engine cylinders. Such suction, aforementioned, immediately causes a slight rapid initial opening of the flap-valve --93-, due to the fact that such initial movement or opening obtains practically Without. any resistance to the same on the part of. the Weighted arm -95, and also, by reason of the fact that piston -l08-, in` the dashpot cylinder -109, is permitted a slight free movement before acting to place the coiled spring -110- under tension.

Asthe engine gradually picks up'Y speed,

lresistance to the further opening of the Hapvalve -93-'- increases gradually in a` corresponding proportion to the increase of mixture it is'desired to be passed to the engine manifold,` since the Weight -100-, in the lir'st instance, is carried by the arm -95- avv-ay from its normal inoperative position in a plane perpendicular to and below the pivot point of thej'arm '-95-, on the shaft -Q9-, and the piston -108- engages the coiled spring-1l0-' to place the latter under tension.

Upon the opening of the flap valve 98, fuel is drawn through the auxiliary or high speed nozzle 70' simultaneously With the flow of air novv drawn direct from the air inlet,`

While the suction e'ect is decreased correspondingly upon the main or low speed nozzle 69.

Then it is desired to stop the engine, the

throttle valve *25-- is closed, in the usual manner, thusv cutting off the charge from the cylinders and, therefore, thev suction created inthe latter, and when this is accomplishech, the Hap-valve 934- returns automatically to its normally closed position, at first, in a rapid manner, and thereafter more slowly and gradually with the lessening of the force of gravity of the Weighted arm, as in either case beforementioned, as Well as the decrease in the tension of the now expanding coiled spring acting on the piston, tc itsnornially inoperative position.

By properly manipulating the disk valve- -52-, of the air inlet -36, any desired amount of air may be admitted to the mixing chamber, as usual. y By coupling the engine exhaust (not slioiv'n) in any suitable manner Ato the connection -20-, an efficient heating of 4the gas, as it passes to the manifold of the engine, is obtained, and, as has been hereinbefore explained, a valve `26 is provided, in the connection -20-, for regulating the amount of hot gases, from the exhaust, or other heating medium which may be employed forthe purpose in 'lieu of such exhaust gases, in suitable proportions to properly condition the fuel or as before the same is passed to the manifold.

From the foregoing it is readily observed that the invention provides for acomparatively simple, compact, and efficient carbureter construction, and a regulating means for the same which admits of the desired quick initial feeding of a suflicient quantity ico of mixture to start an engine slowly, and a more gradual proportional admixture of air With the same during the picking up in speed of the latter, and one in Which, by n reasonof a gradual increase or decrease of resistance to the opening and closing of the proportioning flap-valve -93-, the usual -videdwitli a bore forming a carbureting passage having an air inlet at its lower end, a body arranged Within said casing having a passage through which airis adapted to 4pass, a low speed nozzle extending into the passage of said body, a pivoted suction controlled valve arranged in said casing adapted to be normally held in contact with the opposite Wall of said bore for normally closing a portion of said passage, a high speed noz-4 zle extending into said bore having its upper end arranged adjacent the wall of said bore and terminating adjacent the free end of said valve in a plane above the level of the low speed nozzle.

2. A carburetor comprising a casing provided with a bore having a lateral air inlet at its lower end and provided with means at its upper end for connecting the same to an internal combustion engine, a body arranged within said bore having a passage through which air is adapted to pass, a low speed nozzle extending into said passage and terminating below the upper end of said body, a suction controlled valve arranged in said casing adapted to be normally held in contact with the opposite Wall of said bore for normally closing a portion of said passage and a high speed nozzle extending into the bore ot said casing having its upper end arranged adjacent the Wall of said bore and terminating adjacent the free end of said valve.

B. A carbureter comprising a casing provided With a bore to provide a mixing chamber, said bore having a lateral air inlet communicating therewith, a removable head for closing the lower end of said bore carrying fuel nozzles, a suction controlled valve aranged over one of said fuel nozzles and means for controlling the opening and closing movement of said valve, said means being substantially inoperative during the initial opening movement of said valve, increasing its resisting effort to the subsequent opening of said valve to its full open position, rapidly operating to return the valve to its partially closed position and thereafter more slowly and gradually to its normally closed position.

il. A carburetor comprising a casing formed to provide a mixing chamber having an air'inlet opening through its Wall adjacent its lower, end and an outlet opening centrally of the top of the same, a head arranged at the rear of said mixing chamber, spaced injecting nozzles projecting from, said head and discharging into said mixing chamber, a semi-cylindrical body formed on portion of said semi-cylindrical body, said valve normally closing communication between saidmlxing chamber and one of said nozzles and said air inlet.

5. A carburetor comprising a casing having a bore forming a. mixing chamber and having an air inlet at one end thereof, a fuel chamber carried by said casing, a head for closing one end ot' said bore having a fuel passage communicating with the fuel chamber, said head being provided with a body having a vertical and horizontal air passage, fuel nozzles carried by said head com municating with the fuel passage thereof, one of said fuel nozzles being disposed Within the vertical air passage of the body of said head and the other fuel nozzle extending into said bore having its upper end arranged adjacent the Wall ot' said bore and terminating in a plane above the air inlet, and a suction controlled valve mounted in said bore over the upper end of said last mentioned nozzle.

A carburetor comprising a casing having a vertical bore forming a mixing chamber, said casing having a lateral air inlet at its lower end communicating with said bore, a fuel chamber carried by said casing, a detachable head for closing the lower end of said bore, a body carried by said head having a vertical and horizontal air passage, said head havinj,r a fuel passage communicating with the fuel reservoir, alow speed nozzle carried by said head extending into the verti cal air pa sage of said body, a high speed nozzle carried by said head extending into said bore and terminating in a plane above the air inlet thereof, and a suction controlled valve arranged over said high speed nozzle and adjacent thereto.

ln testimony 'vvhereotl l ailix my signature, in presence of two Witnesses.

' BURT NEULN PIERCE.

Witnesses Hoa/inn J. MCBRIDE,

C. l). Onrrsfrno. 

